Course 02 of 20 · Crude Oil Desk Academy

Quantity, Measurement and the Barrel

Stage A, Orientation. Level 2 of 10.

Volume and temperature correction, density, basic sediment and water, gauging, outturn, and which figure the contract makes binding.

121 chapters · 11 modules · every chapter one 8 to 10 minute explainer · builds on: Course 01

Enrol or enquire See the 121 chapters
How a chapter is sized

One chapter is one idea taken to the point of use

Each chapter is a single self-contained explainer of 8 to 10 narrated minutes, covering one idea to the point where you can use it.

Chapters run in order. Each one assumes only what the chapters before it taught, and capability belonging to a later course is named and deferred rather than half-covered.

Curriculum

11 modules · 121 chapters

Open any module for its full chapter list, in teaching order.

M0 Quantity as a Determined Figure Ch 1-10
  1. Quantity as the Output of a Procedure
  2. The Measurement Standards That Govern the Numbers
  3. Static and Dynamic Measurement Compared
  4. Traceability, Calibration and Why Equipment Can Be Trusted
  5. Uncertainty: Stating What a Figure Can Support
  6. Repeatability, Reproducibility and Bias
  7. Rounding, Significant Figures and the Order of Operations
  8. The Measurement Ticket and the Certificate of Quantity
  9. Who Measures, Who Witnesses and Who Signs
  10. The Determination Chain for One Cargo
M1 Density and the Gravity Scales Ch 11-20
  1. Density at Observed Temperature and at Reference
  2. API Gravity Arithmetic
  3. Hydrometer Determination and Its Error Sources
  4. Digital Density Meters and Reference Methods
  5. Density on a Composite Sample
  6. Blend Density: Volume Weighting Against Mass Weighting
  7. Weight in Air and Mass in Vacuum
  8. Density Errors and Their Cash Consequence
  9. Viscosity, Pour Point and Measurability
  10. Reading a Density Report Critically
M2 Volume Correction and the Standard Tables Ch 21-32
  1. Thermal Expansion and the Correction Factor
  2. Choosing the Correct Correction Table
  3. Gross Observed Volume: Where the Chain Begins
  4. Gross Standard Volume and the Correction Step
  5. Net Standard Volume and the Deduction
  6. Pressure Correction and When It Applies
  7. Tank Shell Correction
  8. The Full Correction Sequence, Worked
  9. Sequencing Errors and Double Correction
  10. Metric and Customary Practice Side by Side
  11. Where the Tables Stop Working
  12. Auditing a Correction Calculation
M3 Static Tank Gauging Ch 33-44
  1. Tank Capacity Tables and How They Are Built
  2. Tank Reference Height and the Datum Plate
  3. Innage Gauging to the Millimetre
  4. Ullage Gauging and Its Arithmetic
  5. Finding the Water Interface in a Tank
  6. Temperature Determination in a Tank
  7. Floating Roof Correction
  8. Automatic Tank Gauging Against Manual Gauging
  9. Tank Bottoms, Dead Stock and Heel
  10. The Opening and Closing Gauge Comparison
  11. Line Displacement and the Pipework Between
  12. The Uncertainty Budget for a Tank Transfer
M4 Dynamic Measurement and Meter Proving Ch 45-56
  1. Flow Meters and What Each Type Measures
  2. The Meter Factor and Why Meters Are Never Exact
  3. Proving With a Pipe Prover
  4. Master Meter and Tank Proving Methods
  5. The Meter Factor Curve and Linearity
  6. Flow Computers and the On-Line Correction Chain
  7. Temperature, Pressure and Density at the Meter
  8. Proving Frequency and the Contractual Obligation
  9. Meter Drift and Retrospective Correction
  10. Custody Metering Against Allocation Metering
  11. Proving Records as Evidence
  12. Meter Measurement Uncertainty Against Tank Gauging
M5 Sampling Ch 57-66
  1. Why the Sample Governs the Figure
  2. Spot, Running and All-Levels Samples
  3. Zone Sampling and Upper, Middle, Lower Practice
  4. Automatic In-Line Samplers
  5. Sample Receivers, Mixing and Withdrawal
  6. Building a Composite Sample
  7. Sample Handling, Labelling and Chain of Custody
  8. Retained Samples and Their Later Role
  9. Sampling for Water Against Sampling for Analysis
  10. Diagnosing a Sampling Failure
M6 Water and Sediment Determination Ch 67-76
  1. The Forms Water Takes in Crude
  2. Centrifuge Determination of Water and Sediment
  3. Distillation Method for Water Content
  4. Coulometric Titration for Low Water Levels
  5. Sediment Determination by Extraction and Filtration
  6. Why Two Laboratories Report Different Water
  7. Free Water Gauged and Water Analysed Together
  8. Salt Content and Its Measurement
  9. The Net Deduction and What Payment Excludes
  10. Water Determination Written Into an Agreement
M7 Mass, Units and Cross-Checking Ch 77-86
  1. Converting Standard Volume to Mass
  2. Barrels, Cubic Metres, Tonnes and Long Tons
  3. Weight Conversion Factors and Barrels Per Tonne
  4. Cross-Checking the Volume Route Against the Mass Route
  5. Mass-Based Custody Transfer
  6. Measuring in One Unit and Invoicing in Another
  7. Vapour, Light Ends and Volume That Leaves
  8. Expressing the Same Cargo Four Ways
  9. Reconciling a Multi-Parcel Cargo
  10. Unit Conventions Across Trading Regions
M8 Ship Figures, Shore Figures and the Reconciliation Ch 87-98
  1. Vessel Tank Calibration Tables
  2. Sounding a Cargo Tank
  3. Trim and List Corrections
  4. On-Board Quantity Before Loading
  5. Remaining On Board After Discharge
  6. Slops, Washings and Mixed Residues
  7. Computing a Vessel Experience Factor
  8. Using and Misusing the Experience Factor
  9. Calculating the Ship and Shore Difference
  10. When a Difference Is Investigable
  11. The Letter of Protest as a Measurement Record
  12. A Worked Load Port Reconciliation
M9 Outturn and Loss Accounting Ch 99-110
  1. Outturn: The Figure at the Receiving End
  2. Transit Difference and How It Is Expressed
  3. Separating Physical Loss From Measurement Difference
  4. Evaporation and Vapour Loss in Transit
  5. Clingage, Retention and Tank Wetting
  6. Pipeline Linefill and Interface Losses
  7. Terminal Gains and Losses on Tank-to-Tank Movement
  8. Loss Allowance Clauses and Expected Difference
  9. Building a Loss Account Across the Whole Chain
  10. Apportioning an Unexplained Difference
  11. Reconciling Receipt Into a Commingled Tank
  12. Loss Norms and What Counts as Normal
M10 Which Figure Binds, and the Limits Ch 111-121
  1. The Quantity Determination Provision
  2. Bill of Lading Quantity as the Payment Basis
  3. Outturn as the Payment Basis
  4. Appointing the Inspector and Binding the Result
  5. Determination by a Second Opinion
  6. Figures Final Clauses and Their Exceptions
  7. Evidencing a Discrepancy at the Time It Arises
  8. The Quantity Evidence Pack
  9. A Worked Chain, Part One: Load Port Determination
  10. A Worked Chain, Part Two: Outturn and the Account
  11. What Measurement Cannot Settle

The brochure gives each of these 121 chapters a paragraph on what it covers and what you can do once you have worked through it.

This is course 2 of twenty

It stands alone, and it is also the entry point to the Crude Oil Desk Academy pathway.

Enrol or enquire See the whole pathway