Course 08 of 20 · Crude Oil Desk Academy

Quality Adjustments, Claims and Settlement

Stage B, Commercial execution. Level 5 of 10.

Constructing and defending quality and quantity claims, final invoicing, dispute evidence and resolution.

118 chapters · 11 modules · every chapter one 8 to 10 minute explainer · builds on: Course 02, Course 03, Course 06

Enrol or enquire See the 118 chapters
How a chapter is sized

One chapter is one idea taken to the point of use

Each chapter is a single self-contained explainer of 8 to 10 narrated minutes, covering one idea to the point where you can use it.

Chapters run in order. Each one assumes only what the chapters before it taught, and capability belonging to a later course is named and deferred rather than half-covered.

Curriculum

11 modules · 118 chapters

Open any module for its full chapter list, in teaching order.

M0 What a Claim Is and Why It Exists Ch 1-10
  1. When the Cargo Delivered Is Not the Cargo Contracted
  2. The Three Families of Discrepancy
  3. Why Claims Are Won on Paper Rather Than Facts
  4. The Life of a Claim from Discharge to Cash
  5. Who Bears the Loss Until Someone Agrees
  6. The Parties Around a Claim and What Each Wants
  7. What a Contract Must Contain Before a Claim Can Exist
  8. Price Adjustment, Rejection and Damages as Three Remedies
  9. The Claim You Choose Not to Bring
  10. How This Course Is Built
M1 Detecting the Discrepancy Ch 11-20
  1. Where Discrepancies Are Actually Found
  2. Reading an Outturn Report Against the Bill of Lading
  3. Normal Loss Against Abnormal Loss
  4. The Specification Table as a Test Checklist
  5. Spotting an Off-Specification Result
  6. Signals That Something Is Wrong Before Any Test Returns
  7. Chasing a Difference to Its Cause
  8. Deciding Within Hours Whether to Act
  9. The Discrepancy Log and Why Yours Should Exist
  10. A Worked Detection: Two Figures and One Certificate
M2 Notice, Protest and Preserving the Position Ch 21-30
  1. The Letter of Protest and What It Really Does
  2. Drafting a Protest That Holds Up Later
  3. Serving a Protest and Proving You Served It
  4. Counter-Protests and the Exchange of Reservations
  5. The Notice of Claim and How It Differs from a Protest
  6. Notice Windows and the Day They Start Running
  7. Without Prejudice and Reservation of Rights
  8. Preserving the Cargo and the Samples
  9. Telling Your Own Side First
  10. A Worked Notice Sequence Under Time Pressure
M3 Inspection and Laboratory Evidence Ch 31-41
  1. The Independent Inspector as the Evidence Source
  2. Joint Appointment, Sole Appointment and Umpire Inspection
  3. The Inspector's Report and Its Weak Points
  4. Sampling as the Foundation of Every Quality Claim
  5. Sealing, Retention and the Chain of Custody
  6. Retained Samples and the Reserve Analysis
  7. Choosing the Laboratory and Agreeing the Method
  8. Reproducibility, Repeatability and the Tolerance Argument
  9. When the Two Laboratories Disagree
  10. Photographs, Logs and Witness Evidence
  11. Building the Evidence File for One Cargo
M4 Quality Adjustment Arithmetic Ch 42-53
  1. Why a Price Adjustment Is Preferable to a Fight
  2. Anatomy of a Quality Adjustment Clause
  3. Computing a Sulphur Adjustment Step by Step
  4. Gravity and Density Adjustments
  5. Adjusting for Water and Sediment
  6. Acidity, Metals and the Parameters Without a Formula
  7. Caps, Floors and the Rejection Threshold
  8. When Two Parameters Fail Together
  9. Which Figure Feeds the Formula
  10. Negotiating an Adjustment Where No Formula Exists
  11. Checking an Adjustment Someone Else Computed
  12. A Worked Quality Claim End to End
M5 Quantity Shortfall Claims Ch 54-64
  1. The Shortfall Claim and Who It Is Made Against
  2. The Contractual Loss Allowance and What It Absorbs
  3. Computing the Recoverable Barrels
  4. Pricing the Missing Barrels
  5. The Cargo Retention Claim
  6. Shortage at the Shore Tank Versus Shortage on the Vessel
  7. Line Fill, Dead Stock and the Terminal's Figures
  8. Short Loading and the Bill of Lading Figure
  9. Blending, Commingling and the Claim That Vanishes
  10. Insurance, Subrogation and the Marine Policy
  11. A Worked Shortfall Against Two Respondents
M6 Contamination, Off-Specification and Rejection Ch 65-74
  1. Contamination as a Different Kind of Problem
  2. Finding the Source of a Contaminant
  3. The Right to Reject and Its Narrow Window
  4. Deciding Whether to Reject at All
  5. Executing a Rejection Without Losing the Argument
  6. Partial Rejection and Accepting Under Protest
  7. Mitigation: The Duty You Have Even When Wronged
  8. Reprocessing, Reblending and Selling On
  9. Consequential Loss and Where the Contract Stops It
  10. A Worked Contamination Decision
M7 Final Invoicing and How Provisional Becomes Final Ch 75-85
  1. The Provisional Invoice and Why It Exists
  2. What Goes On the Invoice Line by Line
  3. From Provisional to Final: the Reconciliation
  4. Withholding Payment and the Risk You Take
  5. Set-Off Across Cargoes and Contracts
  6. Interest, Value Dates and the Cost of Delay
  7. Credit Notes, Debit Notes and the Audit Trail
  8. The Letter of Indemnity Against the Missing Document
  9. Reconciling Three Invoices Against One Cargo
  10. Closing a Cargo File
  11. Accruals and Provisioning for an Open Claim
M8 Negotiation and Settlement Ch 86-96
  1. Presenting a Claim So It Can Be Paid
  2. The First Response and How to Read It
  3. The Defences You Will Actually Face
  4. Valuing Your Own Position Honestly
  5. Opening Numbers and the Room to Move
  6. Trading a Claim Against Future Business
  7. Splitting the Difference and When Not To
  8. Negotiating Against a Long-Term Supplier
  9. Mediation and the Expert Determination
  10. Drafting the Settlement Agreement
  11. Getting the Agreed Money Actually Paid
M9 Time Bars, Escalation and Formal Resolution Ch 97-107
  1. Time Bars and the Claim That Dies Quietly
  2. Extending a Deadline Before It Passes
  3. Reading the Dispute Resolution Clause
  4. Arbitration Against Litigation for a Cargo Dispute
  5. Starting an Arbitration
  6. Disclosure and the Documents You Must Hand Over
  7. The Expert Witness on a Measurement Question
  8. What a Hearing Costs and How Long It Takes
  9. The Award, Costs and Enforcement
  10. Small Claims and the Economics of Pursuit
  11. Claims Against Parties You Cannot Reach
M10 The Claims Function and a Worked Case Ch 108-118
  1. The Claims Function Inside a Trading House
  2. The Claims Register and What It Should Measure
  3. Feeding Claims Experience Back Into Contracting
  4. Counterparty and Loading Port Scorecards
  5. Writing During an Incident
  6. Standard Templates and the Claims Playbook
  7. Training the People Who Find the Problem First
  8. Capstone, Part One: The Cargo That Went Wrong
  9. Capstone, Part Two: Building the File and the Number
  10. Capstone, Part Three: Settlement or Escalation
  11. What Claims Work Cannot Fix

The brochure gives each of these 118 chapters a paragraph on what it covers and what you can do once you have worked through it.

This is course 8 of twenty

It stands alone, and it is also the entry point to the Crude Oil Desk Academy pathway.

Enrol or enquire See the whole pathway