Course 07 of 20 · Power Origination and PPA Desk Academy

Curtailment, Negative Prices & Availability

Stage B, Structure, shape and risk allocation. Level 4 of 10.

Defining deemed generation, negative-price stops and availability obligations, and quantifying what each removes from delivered volume.

117 chapters · 11 modules · every chapter one 8 to 10 minute explainer · builds on: Course 03, Course 05, Course 06

Enrol or enquire See the 117 chapters
How a chapter is delivered

One chapter is one idea taken to the point of use

Each chapter covers one idea to the point where you can use it, and comes two ways: a narrated explainer, and a deep dive audio discussion of around thirty minutes that works the same material at depth.

Self-paced throughout, and the same chapters can be taught as a cohort. Chapters run in order: each one assumes only what the chapters before it taught, and capability belonging to a later course is named and deferred rather than half-covered.

Curriculum

11 modules · 117 chapters

Open any module for its full chapter list, in teaching order.

M0 What a Contract Promises About Volume Nobody Controls Ch 1-10
  1. The Volume a Contract Promises and the Volume the Meter Records
  2. Three Clause Families That Move Delivered Volume
  3. Delivered Volume as a Defined Term Rather Than a Measurement
  4. Whose Seat You Are Sitting In When You Read a Volume Clause
  5. A Protection Granted Is a Cost Carried
  6. Why a Lost Hour Lands Differently on Each Volume Structure
  7. What the Capture Picture Already Tells You, and What It Leaves Out
  8. Metered Export, Deemed Volume and Contract Volume Side by Side
  9. Where This Work Stops: Settlement, Strike and Firming
  10. The Market Event and the Clause That Answers It
M1 Reduction Events as the Agreement Defines Them Ch 11-21
  1. Contractual Categories Instead of Engineering Causes
  2. Buyer Curtailment: A Reduction the Offtaker Instructs
  3. Seller Curtailment: A Reduction the Project Elects
  4. Network Curtailment and the Clause That Allocates It
  5. A Price-Triggered Reduction Written as Its Own Category
  6. Force Majeure Reduction Against an Allocated Reduction
  7. The Hour Nobody Can Categorise
  8. Drafting Categories That Leave No Hour Homeless
  9. The Overlap Test: One Hour, Two Headings
  10. Notice: Who Tells Whom, and How Late Is Too Late
  11. One Reduced Month Categorised Under Two Different Drafts
M2 Deemed Generation: The Clause Itself Ch 22-32
  1. Deemed Generation: Paying for Energy That Never Arrived
  2. Why Deemed Generation Is a Protection the Buyer Grants
  3. The Trigger List: Which Events Earn Deemed Treatment
  4. Deemed Volume Comes From a Contractual Reference, Not a Measurement
  5. Choosing the Reference Basis the Clause Will Use
  6. Pricing a Deemed Megawatt Hour Inside the Clause
  7. Caps, Annual Baskets and Carry Rules on Deemed Volume
  8. The Attribute Attached to Energy That Was Never Generated
  9. The Same Deemed Clause Under Two Volume Structures
  10. What a Deemed Clause Does Not Cover
  11. Two Deemed Clauses Compared on One Reduced Month
M3 Negative-Price Stops Inside a Power Purchase Agreement Ch 33-43
  1. A Sub-Zero Hour Arrives Inside a Signed Agreement
  2. Who Bears the Negative Hour Before Any Stop Is Written
  3. The Stop as a Right, and the Question of Whose Right It Is
  4. Defining the Trigger: Which Price, Which Period, Which Publication
  5. Consecutive-Period and Cumulative-Depth Triggers
  6. Suspending Payment Against Suspending Delivery
  7. The Resumption Obligation and the Hour the Stop Ends
  8. Deemed Generation During a Stop: The Clause Interaction
  9. A Floor at Zero Against a Stop at a Negative Level
  10. Support Payments and the Level at Which a Stop Should Sit
  11. Two Stop Drafts Run Through One Surplus Weekend
M4 Availability Obligations the Seller Gives Ch 44-54
  1. The Availability Warranty as a Promise Running One Way
  2. Availability Means Readiness, Not Production
  3. The Measurement Window the Obligation Is Tested Over
  4. Declaring Availability and the Discipline the Clause Demands
  5. Guaranteed Levels and the Band Around Them
  6. Planned Outage Allowances and the Notice That Earns Them
  7. Unplanned Unavailability and the Clause That Prices It
  8. Liquidated Damages as the Buyer's Availability Remedy
  9. Excused Unavailability: Grid, Force Majeure and Buyer Default
  10. The Availability Obligation Argument and Its Assumptions
  11. An Availability Shortfall Worked Under Two Drafting Choices
M5 Output Undertakings Beyond Availability Ch 55-64
  1. The Energy Yield Undertaking and What It Promises
  2. Why a Yield Undertaking Is Not a Production Forecast
  3. Reduced Hours Inside a Yield Undertaking
  4. Make-Good, Carry-Forward and the Second Chance
  5. Repeated Shortfall and the Step From Remedy to Default
  6. Minimum Delivery Obligations and the Hour They Force
  7. Commissioning, Testing and the Volume That Does Not Count
  8. Degradation and an Undertaking That Must Fall Over Time
  9. Which Undertaking the Buyer Should Actually Ask For
  10. An Undertaking Set That Contradicts Itself
M6 Quantifying What Each Clause Removes Ch 65-75
  1. The Delivered-Volume Ladder, Part One: Building It
  2. The Delivered-Volume Ladder, Part Two: Making It Reconcile
  3. Turning a Categorised Reduction Log Into a Volume Adjustment
  4. Expected Deemed Volume as a Contract Input
  5. Expected Stop Hours and the Volume They Remove
  6. Expected Shortfall Against an Availability Guarantee
  7. Double Counting: One Hour Caught by Two Clauses
  8. Order of Application: Which Clause Bites First
  9. Gross Export, Net Delivered and Contract-Recognised Quantity
  10. Sensitivity of Delivered Quantity to One Trigger Word
  11. A Delivered-Volume Statement the Counterparty Will Sign
M7 Direction, Seat and Clauses That Invert Ch 76-85
  1. Read a Volume Clause for Direction Before Reading It for Price
  2. The Inversion Check, Clause by Clause
  3. A Deemed Clause Drafted the Wrong Way Round
  4. A Stop Clause That Protects the Party It Was Not Meant To
  5. An Availability Warranty the Buyer Gave by Accident
  6. Compensation Direction: From Whom, To Whom, At What Rate
  7. The Mirror Test: The Same Clause From the Other Chair
  8. A Register of What Each Party Granted and Holds
  9. When Two Desks Mean Opposite Things by the Same Phrase
  10. Checking a Whole Clause Set for Directional Consistency
M8 Clause Variants and What Each Is Worth in Volume Ch 86-96
  1. Three Positions on Deemed Generation
  2. Three Positions on a Price-Triggered Stop
  3. Three Positions on an Availability Undertaking
  4. The Cap That Turns an Open Protection Into a Bounded One
  5. Notice Periods Read as a Volume Lever
  6. Exclusion Lists and the Quantity They Quietly Remove
  7. Reciprocity: Protections That Run Both Ways
  8. Trading a Wider Trigger List for a Tighter Cap
  9. Reading a Counterparty's Standard Clause Set for Its Position
  10. Two Offers Differing Only on These Clause Families
  11. What a Clause Comparison Cannot Settle
M9 Records, Notices and Administering the Clauses Ch 97-106
  1. The Records the Clause Itself Obliges a Party to Keep
  2. The Timestamp That Decides Whether a Protection Applies
  3. The Monthly Volume Exchange Between the Parties
  4. Audit and Inspection Rights Over Event Records
  5. The Buyer Who Cannot See the Site
  6. Agreeing the Data Source Before the First Bad Month
  7. A Disagreement About Category, Not About Quantity
  8. Escalation Written Into the Clause
  9. Retention Periods and the Claim Made Three Years Later
  10. An Event Record Pack Built to the Contract's Own Standard
M10 One Agreement Worked Whole, and the Limits Ch 107-117
  1. The Situation: A Wind Project and a Corporate Buyer
  2. The Worked Year, Part One: Categorising the Reduced Hours
  3. The Worked Year, Part Two: Applying the Deemed Clause
  4. The Worked Year, Part Three: The Stop and the Availability Test
  5. The Worked Year, Part Four: The Delivered-Volume Statement
  6. The Same Year Under the Buyer's Preferred Draft
  7. A Solar Agreement Where the Stop Did the Damage
  8. What These Clauses Cannot Protect Against
  9. When a Clause Is the Wrong Tool for the Problem
  10. The Clause Register a Desk Keeps Current
  11. Where These Threads Resume

The brochure gives each of these 117 chapters a paragraph on what it covers and what you can do once you have worked through it.

This is course 7 of twenty

It stands alone, and it is also the entry point to the Power Origination and PPA Desk Academy pathway.

Enrol or enquire See the whole pathway