Course 08 of 20 · LNG Desk Academy

Custody Transfer, Invoicing & Quantity Claims

Stage B, Contract and operational execution. Level 4 of 10.

Measuring delivered energy at the custody transfer point, turning it into an invoice, and running shortfall and quantity claims to settlement.

120 chapters · 12 modules · every chapter one 8 to 10 minute explainer · builds on: Course 02, Course 06, Course 07

Enrol or enquire See the 120 chapters
How a chapter is sized

One chapter is one idea taken to the point of use

Each chapter is a single self-contained explainer of 8 to 10 narrated minutes, covering one idea to the point where you can use it.

Chapters run in order. Each one assumes only what the chapters before it taught, and capability belonging to a later course is named and deferred rather than half-covered.

Curriculum

12 modules · 120 chapters

Open any module for its full chapter list, in teaching order.

M0 The Event That Creates the Invoice Ch 1-10
  1. Two Tank Gauges and One Energy Figure
  2. Where an LNG Cargo Legally Changes Hands
  3. Loading and Discharge as Mirror Images
  4. The Hours That Decide What Is Owed
  5. Who Stands on the Ship and Who Stands Ashore
  6. Why the Vessel's Tanks Are the Measuring Instrument
  7. A Reading, a Disagreement and a Claim
  8. From Gauge Sheet to Settled Cash
  9. What Goes Wrong and What It Is Worth
  10. The Route From the Berth to the Bank
M1 The Measurement System and the Agreed Procedure Ch 11-20
  1. The Custody Transfer Measurement System
  2. The Procedure Both Parties Agreed to Follow
  3. Appointing the Independent Surveyor
  4. Who Pays the Surveyor and What That Buys
  5. Certifying the System Before the First Cargo
  6. Calibration Certificates and Their Expiry
  7. The Gauge Tables for a Membrane Tank
  8. Trim, List and the Correction Nobody Checks
  9. Redundancy and Which Gauge Governs
  10. When the Agreed Procedure Is Silent
M2 Gauging the Cargo Tanks Ch 21-30
  1. Measuring a Liquid Level at Minus 160 Degrees
  2. Radar and Float Gauges Compared
  3. The Opening Gauge and Its Conditions
  4. The Closing Gauge and the Settling Period
  5. Liquid Temperature Across the Tank Depth
  6. Vapour Temperature and Tank Pressure
  7. The Volume Difference and Its Arithmetic
  8. The Heel the Ship Arrived With
  9. Boil-Off During the Transfer Itself
  10. A Worked Gauge Set for One Cargo
M3 Sampling and Analysis at the Transfer Point Ch 31-40
  1. Where the Sample Is Taken and Why There
  2. Continuous Sampling Against Spot Sampling
  3. The Vaporiser and the Sample That Fractionates
  4. The Jetty Gas Chromatograph
  5. Calibration Gas and the Analyser Check
  6. Retained Samples and Who Holds Them
  7. Which Analysis Governs the Invoice
  8. A Composition That Looks Wrong
  9. Nitrogen, the Component That Pays Nothing
  10. A Worked Analysis Review
M4 Computing the Energy Transferred Ch 41-50
  1. The Energy Equation Assembled
  2. Applying Density to the Gauged Volume
  3. Applying Heating Value to the Mass
  4. The Vapour Displaced to Shore
  5. The Vapour Return Line and Its Credit
  6. Gas Burned as Fuel at the Berth
  7. The Quantity Net of Every Deduction
  8. Rounding, Significant Figures and the Cash They Move
  9. Recomputing a Figure Someone Else Produced
  10. The Uncertainty Band Around the Result
M5 The Certificates and Their Conclusiveness Ch 51-60
  1. The Quantity Certificate for a Cargo of LNG
  2. The Quality Certificate and What It Guarantees
  3. Issuing, Signing and Distributing the Papers
  4. Conclusive Evidence Clauses and Their Reach
  5. The Manifest Error Exception
  6. What a Certificate Does Not Cover
  7. Load Port Paper Against Discharge Port Paper
  8. Reconciling the Two Ends of One Voyage
  9. The Voyage Difference and Whose It Is
  10. A Certificate Pack Read Line by Line
M6 Building the Invoice Ch 61-70
  1. From Delivered Heat to an Amount Due
  2. The Price Applied to the Certified Quantity
  3. Anatomy of a Cargo Invoice
  4. Taxes, Duties and Terminal Charges on the Face of It
  5. Currency, Value Date and the Payment Instruction
  6. Invoicing a Part Cargo or a Co-Loaded Parcel
  7. Billing Against a Tolerance Range
  8. The Credit Note and the Debit Note
  9. Issuing a Demand the Buyer Can Actually Pay
  10. A Cargo Invoice Built From Scratch
M7 Provisional and Final Settlement Ch 71-80
  1. Why a Cargo Is Billed Twice
  2. Building a Provisional Demand on Incomplete Facts
  3. What Must Arrive Before the Final Figure
  4. The Final Demand and the True-Up Line
  5. Deadlines for Issuing and for Paying
  6. Interest on a Late or Corrected Payment
  7. Withholding Part of a Payment
  8. Netting a Correction Against the Next Lifting
  9. Signing Off a Settled Cargo
  10. A Settlement Cycle Followed End to End
M8 Disputing a Measurement Ch 81-90
  1. The Grounds on Which a Figure Can Be Challenged
  2. Noticing the Problem While the Ship Is Alongside
  3. Recording a Reservation at the Time
  4. The Evidence a Measurement Challenge Needs
  5. Re-Reading the Gauges and Re-Running the Numbers
  6. Testing the Retained Sample
  7. The Umpire Analysis and the Third Laboratory
  8. Reproducibility Limits as a Defence
  9. Escalation Inside the Sale Agreement
  10. A Measurement Challenge Worked Through
M9 Shortfall Against the Nominated Quantity Ch 91-100
  1. What a Shortfall Is Measured Against
  2. The Quantity Tolerance and What It Absorbs
  3. Short Loading Against Short Delivery
  4. Causes That Excuse and Causes That Do Not
  5. Computing the Missing Heat
  6. Valuing the Missing Heat
  7. Make-Up Rights and the Deferred Parcel
  8. When the Buyer Lifts Less Than Agreed
  9. Claiming Against the Terminal Rather Than the Counterparty
  10. A Shortfall Claim From Detection to Agreement
M10 Off-Specification Cargo and the Refusal Decision Ch 101-110
  1. What Makes an LNG Cargo Off-Specification
  2. The Wobbe Index and the Receiving Grid
  3. Rich Gas, Lean Gas and the Terminal That Cannot Take It
  4. Nitrogen Above the Contractual Limit
  5. Discovering the Problem Before the Ship Berths
  6. The Buyer's Right to Refuse Delivery
  7. Accepting Under Reservation Instead of Refusing
  8. Treating the Parcel: Blending, Injection and Delay
  9. What a Refused Cargo Costs Both Sides
  10. An Off-Specification Decision Taken Under Pressure
M11 Terminal Time, Demurrage and a Worked Case Ch 111-120
  1. Time at an LNG Berth and Who Owns It
  2. Allowed Time, Cooldown and the Clock
  3. Notice of Readiness at a Gas Terminal
  4. Building the Time Statement for One Call
  5. Applying the Agreed Detention Rate
  6. Deductions, Exceptions and Shared Fault
  7. Presenting a Detention Claim That Gets Paid
  8. Capstone, Part One: The Cargo That Measured Short
  9. Capstone, Part Two: Evidence, Billing and Settlement
  10. What Custody Transfer Work Cannot Settle

The brochure gives each of these 120 chapters a paragraph on what it covers and what you can do once you have worked through it.

This is course 8 of twenty

It stands alone, and it is also the entry point to the LNG Desk Academy pathway.

Enrol or enquire See the whole pathway